Aither is a double-blind peer review, Open Access online academic journal. It is indexed at ERIH+ and Scopus. It is published by the Faculty of Arts of the Palacký University in Olomouc in cooperation with the Philosophical Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic. It comes out twice a year. Every second issue is international and contains foreign-language articles (mainly in English, but also in German and French). The journal is registered under the number ISSN 1803-7860.
Aither 9/2013:1-4 
Aither 9/2013:6-45 | DOI: 10.5507/aither.2013.002
In the writings of Anaximenes of Miletus, the air is mentioned in various important contexts. Traditionally, it should imply a close connection with the notion of the soul. Given the nature of surviving texts, however, one could well claim that Anaximenes did not in fact speak of the soul. The present study shows that based on the texts of other archaic thinkers, one could nonetheless assume a certain concept of a soul associated with the air even in Anaximenes. Against the background of textual evidence, the author demonstrates that Anaximenes most likely adopted a notion of air as an expression of life and in supposing a close link between soul,...
Aither 9/2013:46-69 | DOI: 10.5507/aither.2013.003
Aristotle is generally seen both as a philosopher and as a scientist. By closely looking, however, he himself does not seem to distinguish between philosophy and science. If we want to find out how he conceives of philosophy and science, it is first necessary to inquire into his conception of episteme. For, from Aristotle's point of view, both philosophy and science should meet the criteria of episteme, one of the most important of which is that it is based upon the first principles. Moreover, the term episteme is usually translated as science. After scrutinizing various possibilities of how Aristotle conceived of episteme (e.g., its threefold division),...
Aither 9/2013:70-97 | DOI: 10.5507/aither.2013.004
In my paper I try to solve the question whether it is possible to dispense with explicitly stated definition of signification in the study of linguistic theory and some aspects of theory of knowledge in Walter Burley. The answer to this question is divided into three parts. First, the history of dealing with the problem of signification is briefly outlined. Most historical attempts seem to have rather epistemological character. Second, the epistemological character of a sign in medieval thought is further developed. Third, I try to show that it is possible to find at least two indications in Burley's work that suggest that he put forward a rather epistemological...
Aither 9/2013:98-131 | DOI: 10.5507/aither.2013.005
In this paper, I examine the prospects of the two major views of how to interpret the inesse relation in Spinoza's definitions of substance and mode in the Ethics - the inherence interpretation and the causal interpretation. I argue that these interpretations face a problem in reconciling the claim that modes are in substance with the claim that modes are conceived through substance. I consider a number of strategies that proponents of these readings might use to overcome the problem, and conclude that none is really satisfactory.
