Aither is a double-blind peer review, Open Access online academic journal. It is indexed at ERIH+ and Scopus. It is published by the Faculty of Arts of the Palacký University in Olomouc in cooperation with the Philosophical Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic. It comes out twice a year. Every second issue is international and contains foreign-language articles (mainly in English, but also in German and French). The journal is registered under the number ISSN 1803-7860.
Aither 19/2018:4-29 | DOI: 10.5507/aither.2018.001 
Unlike his portrayal of Plato, Karl Popper's interpretation of Antisthenes has been given surprisingly little attention. For Popper, Antisthenes was "the last of the Great Generation", which laid the foundation for the open society in Athens: the last one left to defend it against one of its gravest enemies - Plato. Allegedly, he was also an egalitarian, democrat, humanist, liberal, and severe nominalist critic of Plato's essentialism. Examining one by one the validity of attributing each of these traits to Antisthenes, the current study shows that even though The Open Society and Its Enemies is still a remarkable contribution to political theory,...
Aither 19/2018:30-45 | DOI: 10.5507/aither.2018.002
This paper interprets the narration about Theuth and Thamus in Plato's dialogue Phaedrus (274c1-275c2). Socrates describes in this narration Theuth's invention of the system of writing and Thamu's assessment of this system. Interpretation pays attention to motives of "play" and "playing" which are used in narration too. Play with written letters is understood like "language plays" with words how they are introduced in writings of late Wittgenstein. Motive of invention of system of writing and connections between letters is interpreted in a broader context of Plato's dialogues where are described examples of rules of dialectical thinking. Rules used...
Aither 19/2018:46-83 | DOI: 10.5507/aither.2018.003
The main question this article is trying to answer is why Aristotle did not write any treatise on physiognomy similar to one published under his name by an unknown Peripatetic thinker. Aristotle includes in his theories and writings a considerable amount of coherent views and partial theses that were in line with some older and generally accepted preconceptions - e.g. about the innate inferiority of women and barbarians, or about the ontological superiority of hot over cold. These [preconceptions] were also shared by physiognomists, including the author of the Physiognomonica. It seems, however, that he never attempted to create one consistent...
Aither 19/2018:84-98 | DOI: 10.5507/aither.2018.004
