Aither is a double-blind peer review, Open Access online academic journal. It is indexed at ERIH+ and Scopus. It is published by the Faculty of Arts of the Palacký University in Olomouc in cooperation with the Philosophical Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic. It comes out twice a year. Every second issue is international and contains foreign-language articles (mainly in English, but also in German and French). The journal is registered under the number ISSN 1803-7860.
Aither 31/2024:4-25 | DOI: 10.5507/aither.2024.007 
The so-called Five Modes of Agrippa – the first of discrepancy, the second of regress ad infinitum, the third of relativity, the fourth of hypothesis, and the fifth of reciprocity – are reported by only two surviving ancient sources; Diogenes Laertius attributes them to the otherwise unknown Agrippa. We can only assume that Agrippa was an important systematic philosopher of the later Pyrrhonian scepticism and that he (together with his followers or disciples) wrote a set of the Five Modes. Sextus Empiricus makes no mention of Agrippa in his writings; and he attributes the Five Modes only to the later Sceptics, as opposed to the older Sceptics...
Aither 31/2024:26-61 | DOI: 10.5507/aither.2024.011
This article explores the medieval origins and antecedents of contemporary marriage rights as articulated in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The foundational document of modern human rights asserts 1) that all human beings have the right to marry; 2) that marriages are to be entered into through free and uncoerced consent of the spouses; and 3) that both marriage partners are to enjoy equal rights. The argument is made that these principles are not strictly speaking modern innovations, but rather the resultof the long legal and doctrinal evolution of marriage, reaching back to the Middle Ages, and in part to Antiquity. The influence...
Aither 31/2024:62-89 | DOI: 10.5507/aither.2023.008
The early modern mechanics, as developed in the works of Descartes, Newton, and Wolff, introduced as its principle (in some cases, as axiom) the law of inertia, stating that “every body perseveres in its state of being at rest or of moving uniformly straight forward, except insofar as it is compelled to change itsstate by forces impressed.” The present paper presents the eighteenth-century debates on the law by the Augustinian Eusebius Amort (1692–1775) in his Philosophia Pollingana (first edition published 1730) and by the Jesuit Berthold Hauser (1713–1762) in his Elementa philosophiae (8 volumes published between 1755...
Aither 31/2024:90-103 | DOI: 10.5507/aither.2024.008
The term immanence in philosophy is associated with the modern era, but according to some advocates of the so-called philosophy of immanence, which begins with Descartes and culminates with Hegel (G. Gentile), its foundations were laid already in the Renaissance, especially Giordano Bruno is mentioned in this context. Following this statement, the article focuses on the Renaissance notion of immanence. The concept was understood primarily as an epistemological category, based on the reading of Aristotle and hismedieval commentators, and relates to the problem of the activities of the human soul. In contrast, immanence as a metaphysical category...
Aither 31/2024:104-111 | DOI: 10.5507/aither.2024.006
Aither 31/2024:112-117 | DOI: 10.5507/aither.2024.010
