Aither is a double-blind peer review, Open Access online academic journal. It is indexed at ERIH+ and Scopus. It is published by the Faculty of Arts of the Palacký University in Olomouc in cooperation with the Philosophical Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic. It comes out twice a year. Every second issue is international and contains foreign-language articles (mainly in English, but also in German and French). The journal is registered under the number ISSN 1803-7860.

Aither 17/2017:74-104 | DOI: 10.5507/aither.2017.004

Aristoteles Latinus at Prague University in Pre-Hussite Era I: Commentary Tradition on Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics and the Debate on Felicity From 1409

Martin Dekarli
Institut für Mittelalterforschung, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften
Fakulta filozofická, Univerzita Hradec Králové

This essay provides a contextual reconstruction of Aristotle's ethical heritage at the University of Prague during late Middle Ages. The first part retraces the impact of the commentary tradition on Nicomachean Ethics within the milieu of the Prague Faculty of Arts between 1347/8 and 1409. Since the early years of the Prague University, the local didactic curriculum and discourse in ethics were intensely influenced by the teaching patterns as well as textbooks from the University of Paris, most of all by the commentary compiled by Jean Buridan (d. 1360/1361). However, we should also presuppose the impact of other expositions extant in manuscripts, such as those of Albert the Great (d. 1280), Thomas Aquinas (d. 1274), Robert Kilwardby (d. 1279), Henry of Friemar (the Elder, d. 1340), Peter of Aquila (d. 1361), Richard Kilvington (d. 1362) and Marsilius of Inghen (d. 1396). Eight genuine Prague commentaries of several different genres are preserved in manuscripts (from Oto of Werder, Henry Totting of Oyta, Bartholomew of Jaslo, Conrad of Steinsberg or Worms, Matthias of Lehnice, Peter of Wartenberg, John Arsen of Langenfeld and Peter of Przemysl). The second part of the paper presents an analysis of Jean Buridan's concept of felicity and its influence on the debate about true felicity between the Czech intellectuals Matthias of Knín (d. 1410) and Jan Hus (d. 1415), held during the quodlibetal disputation in early January 1409.

Published: March 30, 2017  Show citation

ACS AIP APA ASA Harvard Chicago Chicago Notes IEEE ISO690 MLA NLM Turabian Vancouver
Dekarli, M. (2017). Aristoteles Latinus at Prague University in Pre-Hussite Era I: Commentary Tradition on Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics and the Debate on Felicity From 1409. Aither, 9(17), 74-104. doi: 10.5507/aither.2017.004
Share...
Download citation
  • BibTeX (.bib)
  • Bookends (.ris)
  • EasyBib (.ris)
  • EndNote (.enw)
  • EndNote 8 (.xml)
  • ISI WoS (.isi)
  • Medlars (.medlars)
  • Mendeley (.ris)
  • MODS (.xml)
  • Papers (.ris)
  • RefWorks (.txt)
  • RefManager (.ris)
  • RIS (.ris)
  • MS Word (.xml)
  • Zotero (.ris)
    • Open full article

    References

    1. Anonymus. Expositio I-X librorum Ethicorum Aristotelis cum textu. Wien, ÖNB 5431, fol. 1r-112v.
    2. Anonymus (1974). Les Auctoritates Aristotelis, Un florilège médiéval (ed. J. Hamesse). Louvain-Paris: Publications Universitaires-Béatrice-Nauwelaerts.
    3. Anonymus. Quaestiones Pragenses () in I-I X libros Ethicae Aristotelis. Kraków, BJ, 2643, fol. 3r-86v.
    4. Anonymus. Quaestiones super I-X libros Ethicorum Aristotelis. Praha, APH (MK), C.52, fol. 229r-286v.
    5. Anonymus. Quaestiones secundum Johannem Buridanum abbreviatae in I-V libros Ethicae Aristotelis. Kraków, BJ, 718, fol. 1ra-46ra.
    6. Anonymus. Quaestiones secundum Johannem Buridanum in III librum Ethicae Aristotelis. Kraków, BJ, 704, fol. 107ra-107rb.
    7. Aristoteles Latinus (1972-1974). Ethica Nicomachea (ed. R.-A. Gauthier). Leiden, Brussels: Brill, Desclée De Brouwer, 5 Vol.
    8. Aristoteles Latinus. Ethica Nicomachea cum expositione marginali. Praha, APH (MK), L.46/2, fol. 1-66r.
    9. Arzen, R., Guldentops, G., Speer, A., Trizio, M., Wirmer, D. (2007-2008). "Philosophische Kommentare im Mittelalter - Zugänge und Orientierungen". Allgemeine Zeitschrift für Philosophie 32-33, s. 31-42, 277-290.
    10. Biard, J. (1998). "La place de la félicité intellectuelle dans l'Éthique buridanienne." In: J. A. Aertsen, A. Speer (eds.), Was ist Philosophie im Mittelalter?. Berlin, New York: Walter de Gruyter, s. 977-983.
    11. Boethius (1983). Boëthius, Poslední Říman (ed. A. Vidmanová). Praha: Vyšehrad.
    12. Boethius (1984). Philosophiae consolatio (ed. L. Bieler). Turnhout: Brepols.
    13. Brams, J. (2003). La Riscoperta di Aristotele in Occidente. Milano: ISTem / Jaca Book.
    14. Burnett, C. (2008). "Translation from Arabic into Latin in the Middle Ages". In: H. Kittel, A. P. Frank, N. Greiner (eds.), Übersetzung, Ein internationales Handbuch zur Übersetzungsforschung. Vol. I. Berlin, New York: Walter de Gruyter, s. 1231-1237. Go to original source...
    15. Celano, A. (2011). "Happiness". In: H. Lagerlund (ed.), Encyclopedia of Medieval Philosophy, Philosophy between 500 and 1500. Dordrecht, Heidelberg, London, New York: Springer, s. 449-454. Go to original source...
    16. Commentum Ethicorum bonum reportatum Prage a Petro Vartenberg. Wrocław, UB, IV Q 51, fol. 1r-21r.
    17. Conradus de Steynsberg alias de Wormacia. Quaestiones disputatae super I-IV libros Ethicorum Aristotelis. München, UB, 568a, fol. 2ra-69vb.
    18. Dante Alighieri (2009). Božská komedie. Praha: Academia.
    19. Dekarli, M. (2013). "Od pravidla (regula) k zákonu (lex), od nápravy k reformě: doktrinální analýza transformace principů myšlení rané české reformace (1392-1414)". In: P. Hlaváček et al. (eds.), O Felix Bohemia! Studie k dějinám české reformace. Praha: FF UK, s. 39-58.
    20. Dekarli, M. (2014). "Prague Nominalist Master John Arsen of Langenfeld and His Quaestio on Ideas from Around 1394/1399". In: Z. V. David, D. R. Holeton (eds.), The Bohemian Reformation and Religious Practice. Vol. 9. Prague: FILOSOFIA, s. 35-53.
    21. Dekarli, M. (2015). "Henry Totting of Oyta and the Prague Nominalist Schola Communis between 1366 and 1409, A Preliminary Draft". Acta Universitatis Carolinae - Historia Universitatis Carolinae Pragensis 55, s. 53-70.
    22. Dod, G. B. (1982). "Aristoteles Latinus". In: N. Kretzmann, A. Kenny, J. Pinborg, E. Stump (eds.), The Cambridge History of Later Medieval Philosophy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, s. 45-79. Go to original source...
    23. Flüeler, C. (1992). Rezeption und Interpretation der Aristotelischen Politica im späten Mittelalter. T. 1. Amsterdam, Philadelphia: B. R. Grüner. Go to original source...
    24. Flüeler, C. (2004). "Ethica in Wien anno 1438, Die Kommentierung der Aristotelischen 'Ethik' an der Wiener Universität". In: F. P. Knapp, J. Miethke, M. Niesner (eds.), Schriften im Umkreis mitteleuropäischer Universitäten um 1400, Lateinische und Volkssprachige Texte aus Prag, Wien und Heidelberg, Unterschiede, Gemeinsamkeiten. Leiden, Boston: Brill, s. 92-138. Go to original source...
    25. Flüeler, C. (2008). "Teaching Ethics at the University of Vienna, The Making of a Commentary at the Faculty of Arts (A Case Study)". In: I. P. Bejczy (ed.), Virtue Ethics in the Middle Ages, Commentaries on Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics, 1200-1500. Leiden, Boston: Brill, s. 277-346. Go to original source...
    26. Erismann, C. (2016). " Aristoteles Latinus: The Reception of Aristotle in the Latin World". In: A. Falcon (ed.), Brill's Companion to the Reception of Aristotle in Antiquity. Leiden, Boston: Brill, s. 439-459. Go to original source...
    27. Goulet-Cazé, M.-O., Dorandi, T., Goulet, R., Hugonnard-Roche, H., le Boulluec, A., Ornato, E. (2000). Le commentaire entre tradition et innovation. Paris: J. Vrin.
    28. Heinrich Totting von Oyta (2015). Schriften zur Ars vetus (ed. H. Berger). München: C. H. Beck.
    29. Henricus Totting de Oyta. Translatio super libros Ethicorum. Leipzig, UB 1413, fol. 172r-202r.
    30. Herold, V. (1978). "Soupis rukopisných komentářů k Aristotelovým dílům". Studie o rukopisech 17, s. 41-58.
    31. Holinka, R. (1943). "K dějinám středověkého aristotelismu". Řád 9, s. 72-81.
    32. Jeauneau, É. (2007). "Tendenda vela". Excursions littéraires et digressions philosophiques à travers le moyen âge. Turnhout: Brepols.
    33. Johannes Arzen de Langenvelt. Lectura super I-X libros Ethicae Aristotelis. Kraków, BJ, 1899, fol. 1r-165r.
    34. Johannes Buridanus. Quaestiones in I-X libros Ethicae Aristotelis. Kraków, BJ 658, fol. 2ra-332vb.
    35. Johannes Buridanus. Quaestiones super libris VI-IX Ethicae Nicomacheae Aristotelis. Kraków, BJ 744, fol. 1r-100r.
    36. Johannes Buridanus. Quaestiones in I-X libros Ethicorum Aristotelis. Melk, BB, 48, B.12, fol. 2ra-246rb.
    37. Johannes Buridanus. Quaestiones in I-X libros Ethicorum Aristotelis. Praha, NK ČR, V.B.24, fol. 1a-218vb.
    38. Johannes Buridanus. Quaestiones in I-IX libros Ethicorum Aristotelis. Praha, NK ČR, V.A.25, fol. 1a-222vb.
    39. Johannes Buridanus. Quaestiones in I-X libros Ethicorum Aristotelis. Wien, ÖNB 5431, fol. 1r-291vb.
    40. Johannes de Ripa (1961). Lectura super primum Sententiarum (ed. A. Combes). Paris: J. Vrin.
    41. Johannes de Ripa (1964). Quaestio de gradu supremo (ed. A. Combes, P. Vignaux). Paris: J. Vrin.
    42. Johannes Wyclif. Tractatus de tempore. Lincoln, Cathedral Chapter Library, C.I.15, fol. 325ra-339va.
    43. Kałuża, Z. (2006). "Les cours communs sur l'Éthique à Niccomaque à l'Université de Paris". In: S. Caroti (ed.), "Ad Ingenii Acuitionem". Studies in Honour of Alfonso Maierù. Louvain-la-Neuve: Brepols, s. 147-182. Go to original source...
    44. Kejř, J. (1971). Kvodlibetní disputace na pražské universitě. Praha: UK.
    45. Korolec, J. B. (1967). "Komentarz Macieja z Legnicy do 'Etyky Nikomachejskiej' w rękop. Biblib. Uniwersyteckiej w Pradze, 1941 (X.F.15)". Materiały i Studia Zakładu Historii Filozofii Starożytnej i Średniowiecznej 7, s. 38-50.
    46. Korolec, J. B. (1970). "Źródła krakowskiego wykładu Etyki w początku X V w". Materia ły i Studia Zakładu Historii Filozofii Starożytnej i Średniowiecznej 13, s. 35-48.
    47. Korolec, J. B. (1973). Filozofia moralna Jana Burydana, Paryski wzór krakowskich dysput z zakresu "Etyki" w pierwszej polowie XV w. Wrocław, Warszawa, Kraków Gdašsk: Ossolineum.
    48. Korolec, J. B. (1974). "Komentarze do Etyki Nikomachejskie w Krakove w XV w". Materia ły i Studia Zakładu Historii Filozofii Starożytnej i Średniowiecznej 18, s. 110-140.
    49. Korolec, J. B. (1975). "Středověké komentáře k Aristotelovým dílům na pražské universitě, Úvod do bádání". Acta Universitatis Carolinae - Historia Universitatis Carolinae Pragensis 15, s. 31-51.
    50. Korolec, J. B. (1977a). "Komentarze do 'Etyki Nikomachejskiej' na Uniwersytecie Praskim w XIV i XV wieku". Studia Mediewistyczne 17, s. 123-158.
    51. Korolec, J. B. (1977b). Repertorium commentariorum medii aevi in Aristotelem Latinorum quae in Bibliotheca olim Universitatis Pragensis nunc Státní Knihovna ČSR vocata asservantur. Wrocław, Warszawa, Kraków, Gdašsk: Ossolineum.
    52. Korolec, J. B. (2006). Wolność, cnota, praxis. Warszawa: IFIS PAN.
    53. Kowalczyk, M., Kozłowska, A., Markowski, M., Włodek, Z., Zathey, J., Zwiercan, M. (eds.) (1988). Catalogus codicum manuscriptorium medii aevi latinorum qui in Bibliotheca Jagellonica Cracoviae asservantur. Vol. IV. Wrocław, Warszawa, Kraków, Gdašsk, Łódź: Ossolineum.
    54. Kowalczyk, M., Kozłowska, A., Markowski, M., Włodek, Z., Zwiercan, M. (eds.) (1993). Catalogus codicum manuscriptorium medii aevi latinorum qui in Bibliotheca Jagellonica Cracoviae asser vantur. Vol. V. Wrocław, Warszawa, Kraków: Ossolineum.
    55. Lorenz, S. (1989). Studium Generale Erfordense, Zur Erfurter Schulleben im 13. Jahrhundert und 14. Jahrhundert. Stuttgart: Hiersemann Verlag.
    56. Magistri Iohannis Hus Questiones (ed. J. Kejř). Turnhout: Brepols, 2004.
    57. Markowski, M. (1971). Burydanizm w Polsce w okresie przedkopernikašskim, Studium z historii filozofii i nauk ścisłych na Uniwersytecie Krakowskim w XV wieku. Wrocław, Warszawa, Kraków, Gdašsk: Ossolineum.
    58. Markowski, M. (1981). Buridanica quae in codicibus manu scriptis bibliothecarum Monacensium asservantur. Wrocław, Warszawa, Kraków, Gdašsk, Łódź: Ossolineum.
    59. Markowski, M. (1984). "L'influence de Jean Buridan sur les universités d'Europe centrale". In: Z. Kałuża, P. Vignaux (ed.), Preuves et raisons à l'Université de Paris, Logique, ontologie et théologie au XIVe siècle. Paris: J. Vrin, s. 149-163.
    60. Markowski, M. (1985). Repertorium commentariorum medii aevi in Aristotelem Latinorum quam in bibliothecis Wiennae asservantur. Wrocław, Warszawa, Kraków, Gdašsk, Łódź: Ossolineum.
    61. Markowski, M. (1993). "Kommentare zur Nikomachischen Ethik des Aristoteles zur Zeit des Marsilius von Inghen". In: S. Wielgus (ed.), Marsilius von Inghen, Werk und Wirkung. Lublin: KUL.
    62. Markowski, M. (1995). "Die Aristotelica in den Mittelalterlichen Handschriften der Bibliothek des Metropolitankapitels zu Prag". Acta Mediaevalia 8, s. 227-270.
    63. Markowski, M. (2005). "Das Freiheits- und Glücksbewußtsein des Menschen im späten Mittelalter". In: G. Mensching (ed.), Selbstbewußtsein und Person im Mittelalter. Würzburg: Königshausen & Neumann, s. 184-194.
    64. Markowski (2007a). "Komentarz Piotra z Prenzlau do Etyki Arystotelesa jako świadectwo wpłyvu burydanizmu na uniwersytetach w Pradze, Lipsku i Erfurte". Acta Mediaevalia 20, s. 205-216.
    65. Markowski, M. (2007b). Repertorium commentariorum medii aevi in Aristotelem Latinomrum qui in bibliothecis Saxoniae Inferiorit asservantur. Kraków: Polska Akademia Umiejętności.
    66. Markowski, M. (2008). Repertorium commentariorium medii aevi in Aristotelem Latinorum qui in bibliothecis austriacis: Admons, Furt bei Göttweig, Graz, Heiligenkreuz, Klagenfurt, Klosterneuburg, Kremsmünster, Linz, Melk, Salzburg, Sankt Florian, Vorau, Zwettl asservantur. Kraków: Polska Akademia Umiejętności.
    67. Markowski, M. (2012a). Der Buridanismus in Polen in der vorkopernikanischen Periode, Eine Studie zur Geschichte der Philosophie und der exakten Wissenschaft an der Krakauer Universität im 15. Jahrhundert (ed. J. Drucks). Saarbrücken: Südwestdeutscher Verlag für Hochschulschriften.
    68. Markowski, M. (2012b). Repertorium commentariorium medii aevi in Aristotelem Latinorum qui in Bibliotheca Universitatis Lipsiensis asservantur. Kraków: Polska Akademia Umiejętności.
    69. Markowski, M., Włodek, Z. (1974). Repertorium commentariorium medii aevi in Aristotelem Latinorum quae in Bibliotheca Iagellonica Cracoviae asservantur. Wrocław, Warszawa, Kraków, Gdašsk: Ossolineum.
    70. Matthias de Legnicz. Lectura summae I-X librorum Ethicorum Henrici de Allemania cum lectura Magistri Matthiae de Legnicz. Praha, NK, X.F.15, fol. 1r-193v.
    71. Michael, B. E. (1985). Johannes Buridanus, Studien zu seinem Leben, seinem Werken und zur Rezeption seiner Theorien im Europa des späten Mittelalters. Bd. 1-2. Berlin: Freie Universität (Dis.).
    72. Michael, B. E. (1992). "Buridans moralphilosophische Schriften, ihre Leser und Benutzer im später Mittelalter". In: J. Miethke (ed.), Das Publikum politischer Theorie im 14. Jahrhundert. München: Oldenbourg, s. 138-151. Go to original source...
    73. Minio-Paluello, L. (1980). "Dante's Reading of Aristotle". In: C. Grayson (ed.), The World of Dante. Oxford: Clarendon Press, s. 61-80.
    74. Monumenta Historica Universitatis Carolo-Ferdinandeae Pragensis. Tomus I/1. Pragae: Typis Joan. Nep. Gerzabek, 1830.
    75. Müller, S. (2006). "Wiener Ethikkommentare des 15. Jahrhunderts". Documenti e studi sulla tradizione filosofica medievale 17, s. 445-467.
    76. Nowak, L. (1996). "Quaestiones disputatae super octo libros 'Physicorum' Aristotelis cum glossis Ioannis Isneri". Acta Mediaevalia 9.
    77. Novikoff, A. J. (2014). The Medieval Culture of Disputation, Pedagogy, Practice, and Performance. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. Go to original source...
    78. Otho de Werden. Expositio V-X librorum Ethicae Nicomacheae Aristotelis. Leipzig, UB 1398, fol. 76r-81rb.
    79. Petrus de Prenslavia. Quaestiones dispustatae super I-X libros Ethicorum Aristotelis. Wolfenbüttel, HAB, Clguelf-nov 805, fol. 161ra-291va.
    80. Rebeta, J. (1970). Komentarz Pawła z Worczyna do "Etyki Nikomachejskiej" Arystotelesa z 1424 roku, Zarys problematyki filozoficzno-społecznej. Wrocław, Warszawa, Kraków: Ossolineum.
    81. Robiglio, A. A. (2017). "Dante e le Auctoritates Aristotelis". In: J. Hamesse, J. Meirinhos (eds.), Les Auctoritates Aristotelis, leur utilisation et leur influence chez les auteurs médiévaux, État de la question 40 ans après la publication. Turnhout (v tisku). Go to original source...
    82. Sedlák, J. (1915). Studie a texty k náboženským dějinám českým. 1. Studie a texty k životopisu Husovu. Olomouc: Matice Cyrilometodějská.
    83. Sorabji, R. (1990). Aristotle Transformed, The Ancient Commentaries and their Influence. London: Duckworth.
    84. Sousedík, S. (1972). Stanislav ze Znojma, Charakteristika myšlenkového obsahu jeho díla a kritická edice jeho traktátu De felicitate. Praha: Kabinet pro studia řecká, římská a latinská ČSAV (Kand. dis.).
    85. Spunar, P. (1985). Repertorium auctorum Bohemorum provectum idearum post Universitatem Pragensem conditam illustrans. Tomus I. Wrocław, Warszawa, Kraków, Gdašsk, Łódź: Ossolineum.
    86. Stanislaus de Znoyma. Utrum felicitas formaliter plene sacians hominem sit bonitas accidentalis eiusdem. Praha, NK ČR, V.H.27, fol. 148v-153v.
    87. Stanislaus de Znoyma (1974). "Tractatus de felicitate" (ed. S. Sousedík). Mediaevalia Philosophica Polonorum 19, s. 65-126.
    88. Stanislaus de Znoyma (1997). De gracia et peccato (ed. Z. Silagiová). Praha: OIKOYMENH.
    89. Stroick, C. (1954). Heinrich von Friemar, Leben, Werke, philosophisch-theologische Stellung in der Scholastik. Freiburg i. Br.: Verlag Herder.
    90. Šmahel, F. (2007). Die Prager Universität im Mittelalter, The Charles University in the Middle Ages, Gesammelte Aufsätze, Selected Studies. Leiden, Boston: Brill. Go to original source...
    91. Šmahel, F. (2016a). Alma mater Pragensis, Studie k počátkům Univerzity Karlovy. Praha: Karolinum.
    92. Šmahel, F. (2016b). "Translatio studii: Praha a Lipsko 1409". Acta Universitatis Carolinae - Historia Universitatis Carolinae Pragensis 56, s. 35-44. Go to original source...
    93. Špinka, Š. (2014). "Blaženost smrtelných bytostí: Aristotelés". In: Š. Špinka et al. (eds.), Přístupy k Etice I. Praha: FILOSOFIA, s. 11-45.
    94. Thijssen, J. M. M. H. (2004). "The Buridan School Reassessed, John Buridan and Albert of Saxony". Vivarium 42, s. 18-42. Go to original source...
    95. Tříška, J. (1981). Životopisný slovník předhusitské pražské univerzity 1348-1409. Praha: Karolinum.
    96. Weijers, O. (2001). Le travail intellectuel à la Faculté des artes de Paris, Textes et maîtres (ca. 1200-1500) IV. Turnhout: Brepols. Go to original source...
    97. Weijers, O. (2011). "The Literary Forms of the Reception of Aristotle, Between Exposition and Philosophical Treatise". In: O. Weijers, Études sur la Faculté des arts dans les universités médiévales, Recueil d'articles. Turnhout: Brepols, s. 157-190. Go to original source...
    98. Weijers, O. (2013). In the Search of the Truth, A History of Disputation Techniques from Antiquity to Early Modern Times. Turnhout: Brepols.
    99. Zupko, J. (2012). "Using Seneca to read Aristotle, The curious method of Buridan's Ethics". In: J. Miller (ed.), The Reception of Aristotle's Ethics. New York: Cambridge University Press, s. 155-170. Go to original source...

    This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-SA 4.0), which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original publication is properly cited. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.


    Return to the content